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Get details on the new definitive EU anti-dumping duty on imports of tungsten products from China.

Read details about changes to the EU law on ADD on imports of optical fibre cables from China

Explore the 2023 UK Export Control Law amendments and how exporting enterprises might reassess their licencing obligations in this update.

On July 10, 2023, the Council of the European Union adopted the position of the European Parliament on a new battery and waste battery regulation (the "Batteries Regulation"). The Batteries Regulation will shortly be published in the European Union's Official Journal before it goes into force. The new laws will apply to all battery types marketed in the European Union for the duration of their entire life cycle. Large battery producers that distribute their goods in the EU will be subject to more stringent rules, including those requiring them to do due diligence.

What is the REX Number and how is it utilised in global trade? We explore!

The latest legislation and regulations pertaining to UK customs and international commerce are collected here. Keeping to regulations is simplified. You won't miss out on any breaking news. Exploring small traders' attitudes towards the Single Trade Window HMRC commissioned qualitative research with small traders to explore their attitudes towards the Single Trade Window. Form C81 – Amendment to an Export Declaration Transporting goods between Great Britain and the EU by RoRo freight: guidance for hauliers Check if a business holds Authorised Economic Operator status Customs declaration volumes for international trade in goods in 2021 Data tables for customs declaration volumes for international trade in goods in 2021 Additional duties on goods originating in Russia and Belarus Reference Documents for Customs (Additional Duty) (Russia and Belarus) Regulations 2022 UK sanctions relating to Russia Financial sanctions: guidance Financial sanctions, Libya Financial sanctions, Russia Who is subject to financial sanctions in the UK? Guidance on the Russia (Sanctions) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 OFSI General Licences Single Window Publication of the UK Single Trade Window (STW) Consultation Paper We are writing to inform you of the government's consultation on the UK Single Trade Window (STW), which was published today on GOV.UK. The consultation paper outlines the UK government's proposed approach to four key areas where legislation is expected to be required to enable the full functionality of the STW: data collection, use, and sharing within government; government visibility and use of supply chain data; facilitating trade through targeted international data sharing with other countries and territories; and transitioning to the STW as the sole point of entry for border data remittances. The UK Gov welcomes any thoughts or feedback you may have so that we can ensure the STW improves UK businesses' ability to import and export by lowering costs and burdens, thereby driving economic growth. If you and your organization want to submit a position paper, we can assist you. https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/the-uk-single-trade-window-public-consultation/the-uk-single-trade-window-consultation-on-features-to-inform-design-and-legislation Exploring small traders' attitudes towards the Single Trade Window HMRC commissioned qualitative research with small traders to explore their attitudes towards the Single Trade Window. Executive Summary The UK government has promised to create a Single Trade Window (STW) to help traders work with border agencies. A UK STW could offer a single data portal where traders and agents can send data to the government once in a standard format to meet import, export, and transit regulations. It was important to research how the STW would affect small traders' businesses. People were asked about self-declaration, pre-population, multiple filings, and sharing supply chain data with the government. HMRC hired Kantar Public to interview small traders. 57 small businesses that imported or exported goods were interviewed. The sample included a variety of business sizes (though all traders had fewer than 50 employees), declaration methods, trading patterns, and trading frequency. Between 2 February and 15 March 2022, phone or video call interviews lasted 45 to 60 minutes. This research was done in addition to a GOV.UK Discussion Paper on Single Trade Window policy proposals (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-single-trade-window-discussion-paper/uk-single-trade-window-policy-discussion-paper). Insights Small traders liked the STW and wanted an easier-to-use system. The following influenced traders' opinions of STW: Customs is viewed differently. People unfamiliar with Customs didn't know that declarations are part of the process, that they were paying someone else to do it, and that they could do it themselves. Not all traders chose to outsource declarations. Even traders with some import and export declaration experience felt overwhelmed by the process. Because they didn't understand the process or what was expected of them, or because they didn't trust themselves, these traders thought they could be more productive elsewhere. They decided outsourcing declarations was a good investment. Outsourcing meant less work and fewer chances of late shipments. Traders often collected their own declaration data (like commodity codes) and understated their knowledge. Few traders interviewed used commercial software to file their own declarations. Most of these traders had HMRC or carrier training. Once they understood the system, they could easily submit their own declarations. Even though not all traders would be affected by the single point of entry and data sharing between government departments (because they only dealt with HMRC), those who would feel that less duplication would be a plus. Traders' views on self-declaration, pre-population, multiple filings, and supply chain data linking Self-declaration, pre-population, multiple filing, and linking supply chain data to government systems could be included. See Appendix A for respondent definitions. Not all traders liked self-declaration. People wanted to know if the benefits of learning the system were worth the time required. Those who did their own declaration paperwork saw business benefits. They wanted more import/export control and cost savings. Sometimes traders thought self-declaration could help international trade. Small businesses familiar with Customs wanted to know if self-declaration would save time or money. They did it to have more control, save money, and see all their paperwork in one place: Traders with small volumes or who only use Fast Parcel Operators thought self-declaration could mean more work, so they didn't use it because it didn't fit their business or skill set. For traders to use self-declaration, it must make the process easier enough to be worth their time to learn When self-declaration began, traders thought they'd need help from HMRC and others. They want simple, searchable guides, a phone helpline, seminars, and webinars Pre-population saved time and reduced duplication. Multi-filing wasn't popular. Most traders thought this feature posed more risks than benefits and made things harder to control and simplify Linking supply chain data to government systems was one way to improve automation. Larger small businesses (20 to 49 employees) were eager to see supply chain data integrated with other systems. Essentials Small traders provided many ideas for improving the STW. Small traders may not understand the STW and self-declaration if they aren't taught about them. Self-declaration had moderate benefits for those who didn't submit declarations in-house. A trader who tries self-declaration to save time or money is less likely to try a paid service. Self-declaration may give traders more control and save them money, but research shows it may make it harder to get help at the border or by phone. Businesses that do these things for traders are highly valued because of delays and reliability. Pre-population can show traders how STW functionality can make self-declarations faster over time. Traders want multi-filing to be optional and submissions labeled by author, with price and supplier information hidden. Traders thought if self-declaration systems worked with trader and carrier software, they wouldn't have to enter the same information twice. Small traders who use software would benefit from this. Outsourcing is driven by difficult requirements and limited help. Small traders want clear STW guidance. Customs Form C81 – Amendment to an Export Declaration On 25 July 2022, Form C81, which declarants use to amend their export declaration, will be replaced. The C81 can currently be submitted to HMRC in three ways: Paper documents by post; Electronic versions by email; or Digital Mail Service. These will all be replaced by a form to be submitted via the UK Trade Info website. Transporting goods between Great Britain and the EU by RoRo freight: guidance for hauliers Guidance for haulage companies and commercial drivers moving accompanied (self-drive) RoRo freight and unaccompanied RoRo freight between Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales) and the European Union. Check if a business holds Authorised Economic Operator status Use this list to see if a business holds Authorised Economic Operator status with HMRC. The list of Authorised Economic Operators has been updated. Customs declaration volumes for international trade in goods in 2021 This publication details the number of customs declarations submitted to HMRC for international trade in goods in the calendar year 2021.This is an ad hoc statistical release that provides the number of customs declarations submitted to HMRC for goods moved between the United Kingdom (UK) and the European Union (EU) in calendar year 2021. It also provides information on the number of these customs declarations by calendar month, declarant representation, location of entry/exit, and type of declaration. Data tables for customs declaration volumes for international trade in goods in 2021 The following data tables contain the number of customs declarations for international trade in goods in 2021. Additional duties on goods originating in Russia and Belarus Guidance on imports from Russia and Belarus requiring additional duties and terms of exemption. Added further additional duties implemented on imports from Russia and Belarus. Reference Documents for Customs (Additional Duty) (Russia and Belarus) Regulations 2022 Find out about the additional duties which apply on certain goods originating from Russia and Belarus. Following legislation to increase the number of Russian and Belarusian goods subject to additional duties, this page has been updated with new versions of the Reference Documents detailing the affected goods. Sanctions UK sanctions relating to Russia This page provides guidance on the UK’s sanctions regime relating to Russia. Added a link to the Russia (Sanctions) (EU Exit) (Amendment) (No. 12) Regulations 2022 and the Russia (Sanctions) (EU Exit) (Amendment) (No. 13) Regulations 2022 The Russia (Sanctions) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 came fully into force on 31 December 2020. They are intended to ensure that certain sanctions relating to Russia continue to operate effectively. You should also review the following regulations to find out any changes made to the Regulations: the Sanctions (EU Exit) (Miscellaneous Amendments) (No. 2) Regulations 2020 the Sanctions (EU Exit) (Miscellaneous Amendments) (No. 4) Regulations 2020 the Russia (Sanctions) (EU Exit) (Amendment) Regulations 2022 the Russia (Sanctions) (EU Exit) (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 2022 the Russia (Sanctions) (EU Exit) (Amendment) (No. 3) Regulations 2022 the Russia (Sanctions) (EU Exit) (Amendment) (No. 4) Regulations 2022 the Russia (Sanctions) (EU Exit) (Amendment) (No. 5) Regulations 2022 the Russia (Sanctions) (EU Exit) (Amendment) (No. 6) Regulations 2022 the Russia (Sanctions) (EU Exit) (Amendment) (No. 7) Regulations 2022 the Russia (Sanctions) (EU Exit) (Amendment) (No. 8) Regulations 2022 the Russia (Sanctions) (EU Exit) (Amendment) (No. 9) Regulations 2022 the Russia (Sanctions) (EU Exit) (Amendment) (No. 11) Regulations 2022 the Russia (Sanctions) (EU Exit) (Amendment) (No. 12) Regulations 2022 the Russia (Sanctions) (EU Exit) (Amendment) (No. 13) Regulations 2022 This sanctions regime is aimed at encouraging Russia to cease actions destabilising Ukraine or undermining or threatening the territorial integrity, sovereignty or independence of Ukraine. Those persons who are designated under this regime are included on the UK sanctions list. Find out more about other UK sanctions regimes. Financial sanctions: guidance Information on the approach OFSI takes to financial sanctions including sector and regime specific guidance, as well as information on monetary penalties for breaches of financial sanctions. Updated with Russia guidance, July 2022 Financial sanctions, Libya Libya is currently subject to UK financial sanctions. This document contains a current list of designated persons and information on relevant regulations Updated with ‘HM Treasury Notice, Libya, 20/07/2022’ Financial sanctions, Russia The Russia (Sanctions) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 ensure sanctions relating to Russia are implemented effectively after the UK leaves the EU. Updated with HM Treasury Notice, Russia, 20/07/2022 Who is subject to financial sanctions in the UK? A guide to the current consolidated list of asset freeze targets, and a list of persons named in relation to financial and investment restrictions under the Russia regulations. Updated with HM Treasury Notice, Russia, 20/07/2022 and HM Treasury Notice, Libya, Russia sanctions: guidance Guidance on the Russia (Sanctions) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 Guidance updated to reflect the provisions in the Russia (Sanctions) (EU Exit) (Amendment) (No. 14) Regulations 2022. OFSI General Licences Details of General Licences issued by OFSI Updated with INT/2022/2009156

More updates from the Official Journal of the EU, DG TAXUD and DG Trade - are essential for any customs and global trade professional. Access all trade Intelligence here: https://www.customsmanager.org/customs-global-trade-blog Content EU Customs Value Compendium 2022 Chapter 84 and 85 Classification. How to go about it? Implementation of EU sanctions against Russia: Commission adopts proposal for “maintenance and alignment”. Ukraine Sanctions Changed More Sanctions against certain persons: Syria Mercenaries Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland: EU Commission launches four new infringement procedures against the UK Graphite electrode systems from China Customs Valuation EU Customs Value Compendium 2022 Customs valuation determines the value of imports. Along with origin and classification, customs value is used to calculate customs debt as a percentage of customs value. Six valuation methods: The transaction value method The transaction value of identical goods The transaction value of similar goods The deductive method The computed method The fall-back method The transaction value method is the primary method for valuing imported goods (Article 70 UCC). Article 71 UCC adds and subtracts from the transaction value (Article 72 UCC). If the transaction method isn't applicable, secondary valuation methods are applied sequentially (Article 74 UCC). WTO's Customs Valuation Agreement outlines customs valuation principles. The CCV of the WTO and the TCCV of the WCO are international customs valuation forums. The WCO Customs Valuation Compendium compiles TCCV instruments that offer guidance on the international interpretation and application of the Customs Valuation Agreement. The EU customs legislation transposes the Customs Valuation Agreement rules as follows: Union Customs Code (EU Regulation 952/2013) Articles 69 to 76; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/2447 Articles 127 to 146, Article 347, and Annexes 23-01 and 23-02; Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446, Article 71; Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/341, Article 6. This guidance on customs valuation is set out in the 2022 EU Customs Valuation Compendium, including: Interpretative notes on customs valuation; Conclusions and commentaries on specific valuation topics (recently adopted guidance that is not yet integrated in the Compendium can be found there An overview of rulings of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in the customs valuation area (for the complete and authentic rulings, please consult the CJEU website); and Index of instruments issued by the TCCV. The customs authorities of EU Member States are competent to implement these common rules in their respective territory. Customs Classification Chapter 84 and 85 Classification. How to go about it? In the field of mechanical engineering, there is a problem. More specifically, the experts in customs at each company. The different parts of these companies can work well together and share important information for daily business, but the customs tariff is and will continue to be a problem. In this blog post, we try to give an overview of these two chapters and go into some of them in more depth.https://www.customsmanager.info/post/classification-under-chapter-84-and-85-how-do-go-about-it Sanctions Implementation of EU sanctions against Russia: Commission adopts proposal for “maintenance and alignment”. The European Commission has decided on a new set of measures to keep the EU's six wide-ranging and unprecedented sets of sanctions against Russia working and to make them even stronger. The "Maintenance and Alignment" package explains a number of rules to make them clearer for operators and make it easier for the Member States to enforce them. It also makes the EU's sanctions more like those of our partners and allies, especially those in the G7. The package is important because it shows that the Commission is still determined to protect food security around the world. The package will put a new ban on importing gold from Russia and tighten our controls on exporting dual-use and high-tech items. By doing this, it will make sure that EU sanctions are even more in line with those of our G7 partners. It will also make it harder to report, which will make it harder for the EU to freeze assets. The package also says again that EU sanctions have nothing to do with the trade of agricultural goods between Russia and other countries. In the same way, the text makes clear how some financial and economic sanctions work in detail. Lastly, the current EU sanctions could be kept in place for another six months, until the next review at the end of January 2023. In preparation for its adoption, Member States will now talk about the package in the Council. Website No content: Ukraine Sanctions Council Regulation (EU) 2022/1269 of 21 July 2022 amending Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 concerning restrictive measures in view of Russia’s actions destabilising the situation in Ukraine Council Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1270 of 21 July 2022 implementing Regulation (EU) No 269/2014 concerning restrictive measures in respect of actions undermining or threatening the territorial integrity, sovereignty and independence of Ukraine Council Decision (CFSP) 2022/1271 of 21 July 2022 amending Decision 2014/512/CFSP concerning restrictive measures in view of Russia’s actions destabilising the situation in Ukraine Council Decision (CFSP) 2022/1272 of 21 July 2022 amending Decision 2014/145/CFSP concerning restrictive measures in respect of actions undermining or threatening the territorial integrity, sovereignty and independence of Ukraine Ukraine Sanctions Changed The Council changed Decision 2014/145/CFSP on July 21, 2022 with Decision 2022/1272 (3). This added a new exception to the asset freeze and the rule against giving funds and economic resources to certain people and organizations to stop or lessen an event likely to harm human health, safety, or the environment. In light of the Union's commitment to preventing and fighting global food insecurity, Decision (CFSP) 2022/1272 removes designated banks from the asset freeze and the ban on making funds and economic resources available to them. Decision (CFSP) 2022/1272 makes an exception to the asset freeze and ban to allow for the orderly winding down of operations, including correspondent banking relationships, with one designated bank. To ensure that Regulation (EU) No. 269/2014 is implemented effectively and uniformly, and because of the complexity of schemes to avoid sanctions, designated persons and entities with assets in a Member State must report these assets and work with the competent authority to check that they have done so. It's also a good idea to tighten reporting rules for Union operators to prevent asset freezes from being broken. If this obligation isn't met, it would be a way around freezing assets, which could lead to penalties if the country's rules and procedures allow for such penalties. Council Regulation (EU) 2022/1273 of 21 July 2022 amending Regulation (EU) No 269/2014 concerning restrictive measures in respect of actions undermining or threatening the territorial integrity, sovereignty and independence of Ukraine More Sanctions against certain persons: Syria Mercenaries The EU backs Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity and condemns actions that harm it. Syria provides military support for Russia's unprovoked aggression against Ukraine. Due to the gravity of the situation, the Council believes six people and one entity involved in hiring Syrian mercenaries to fight alongside Russian troops in Ukraine should be added to Annex I of Regulation (EU) No 269/2014. Council Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1274 of 21 July 2022 implementing Regulation (EU) No 269/2014 concerning restrictive measures in respect of actions undermining or threatening the territorial integrity, sovereignty and independence of Ukraine Council Decision (CFSP) 2022/1276 of 21 July 2022 amending Decision 2014/145/CFSP concerning restrictive measures in respect of actions undermining or threatening the territorial integrity, sovereignty and independence of Ukraine Syria: Sanctions Syria still worries the Council. The conflict in Syria is far from over, and the government continues to repress. Also, the Syrian regime provides military support for Russia's unprovoked attack on Ukraine. Due to the gravity of the situation, the Council believes four people and one entity should be added to Annex II of Regulation (EU) No 36/2012. Therefore, Regulation (EU) No. 36/2012 should be changed. Council Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1275 of 21 July 2022 implementing Regulation (EU) No 36/2012 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria COUNCIL IMPLEMENTING DECISION (CFSP) 2022/1277 of 21 July 2022 implementing Decision 2013/255/CFSP concerning restrictive measures against Syria Brexit Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland: EU Commission launches four new infringement procedures against the UK EU wants a solid partnership with UK. This partnership must be built on respecting each side's legally binding promises. This entails implementing the Withdrawal and Trade and Cooperation Agreements. Both sides negotiated and signed contracts. After long and hard talks, the EU and UK came up with the Protocol to deal with Brexit and the sort of Brexit the UK chose. The protocol part of the Withdrawal Agreement. It prevents a hard border on Ireland, secures the 1998 Good Friday (Belfast) Agreement, and maintains the EU's, Single Market. The EU has proven it knows how difficult it is to implement the Protocol and that solutions can be found. The Commission has decided to start four new procedures against the UK for breaking the rules in Northern Ireland: Not following customs, supervision, and risk control rules for moving goods from Northern Ireland to Great Britain. This makes Northern Ireland smuggling riskier. It allows traders to avoid EU export restrictions to third countries. It also allows goods to be exported to the EU but not leave Northern Ireland's customs territory. On December 17, 2020, the UK declared Northern Irish goods could enter its market "without barriers." EU agreed to provide "equivalent" real-time information through "alternative means" The UK does not collect export declaration data for Northern Ireland-bound goods. It doesn't tell the EU about these movements, so EU officials can't track the goods. Failure to report the implementation of EU excise duty legislation, which takes effect on February 13, 2023. Member states and the UK (for Northern Ireland) were supposed to implement this Directive by Dec. 31, 2021, and tell the Commission. Not in the UK. If these rules aren't followed, excise-dutied goods moving to and from Northern Ireland could be taxed less than in the EU. This would risk EU finances. Failure to report EU rules on alcohol excise duties, which help small and artisanal producers get lower rates. All member states and Northern Ireland in the UK had to implement this Directive by December 31, 2021. If these rules aren't followed, excise duties on alcohol entering and leaving Northern Ireland may not be paid or paid at a lower rate than in the EU. This would risk EU finances. Any difference from EU-harmonised excise duties would affect sales competition in the Single Market. Not following EU VAT rules for online shopping (Import One-Stop Shop) (IOSS). Starting July 1, 2021, businesses can use the IOSS to meet their VAT obligations for internet sales of imported goods. It lets suppliers and electronic interfaces that sell imported goods worth less than €150 to EU buyers declare and pay VAT through one Member State instead of registering in every state where they sell. Clarity for EU consumers. VAT is included in the price they pay a One Stop Shop-registered EU or non-EU seller or platform. The UK has not yet implemented the IOSS in Northern Ireland. This threatens EU finances. With the decision, formal infringement processes under Article 12(4) of the Protocol and Article 258 of the TFEU have begun. In letters written to the UK, the government is urged to comply with the Protocol. UK has two months to reply. If not, the Commission will act. ADD Graphite electrode systems from China Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/1263 of 19 July 2022 terminating the anti-subsidy proceeding concerning imports of graphite electrode systems originating in the People’s Republic of China Link Sources 22/07/2022 L195 C281 C281I C282 21/07/2022 L192 L193 L194 C280 20/07/2022 L191 C278 C279 19/07/2022 L190 C277 18/07/202 2L189 C274 C274A C275 C276 + DG trade and DG Taxud If you have any questions about this update, please let us know.

In the field of mechanical engineering, there is a problem. More specifically, the experts in customs at each company. The different parts of these companies can work well together and share important information for daily business, but the customs tariff is and will continue to be a problem. People often talk about the customs tariff in general because they don't know much about it and there aren't many ways to learn more. This is also one reason why ERP master data for international trade isn't always kept up to date. Chapters 84 and 85 of the customs tariff are the most important for mechanical engineering. Because people often don't have enough in-depth technical knowledge. I don't just bring that, of course. The main way I got it was through my work in the private sector. Even now, there is still a lot to learn. In this blog post, we try to give an overview of these two chapters and go into some of them in more depth. Chapter 84 classifies nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof. Chapter 84 contains about 86 headings. Chapter 85 classifies "Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles". Chapter 85 contains about 48 headings. So, in total, there are about 134 headings, making the classification of these Chapters particularly tricky. Definition of the word "machinery" What does the term "machinery" mean in the customs tariff? It's straightforward. According to HS note 5 to section XVI, the tariff defines "machinery" in terms of its function, as it is described in the wordings under the first four digits (also known as the "HS heading") of the customs tariff number. For example, for a "diaphragm pump," we look first in chapters 84 and 85 at the 4-digit tariff number level for the appropriate functional description. We use the web browser's search function to find it. We open Chapter 84 and type in the word "pump." A summary of HS headings 8412 to 8415 About motors and pumps The term "pump" appears in the heading "8413 - Pumps for liquids, whether or not equipped with a measuring device; liquid elevators." Even if the diaphragm pump is not specifically mentioned, it still represents a "pump for liquids." Then we look to see if there are any exclusions from this chapter. We use the notes from Section XVI for this (see chapter below) What now for machines with multiple functions? There is no alternative text for this image. We ask the following questions, using the diaphragm pump as an example: What if this diaphragm pump is outfitted with various components such as valves or an electric motor? Valves, for example, are mentioned in HS heading 8481, and electric motors in HS heading 8501. Which heading should we use in this situation? Note 3 to Section XVI explains this. We must determine the main function of machines composed of various components that form a whole and for which there are separate headings in the customs tariff. When we look at the diaphragm pump, we see that the main function is clearly covered by the tariff text at 8413 "Pumps for liquids (...)." The other components are simply parts of the overall pump. If the valves and/or electric motor are sold separately as spare parts and shipped separately from the machine, they are of course classified under their intended headings as well. The (exclusion) notes to section XVI are at the heart of chapters 84 and 85. Before we look at the headings of chapters 84 and 85, we ask ourselves if if the machine or spare part even belongs in one of those two chapters. The first note of section XVI, to which both chapters 84 and 85 belong, and the first notes of both chapters are devoted to spare parts that are not classified in these chapters. The mechanical engineering industry may be affected by the following exclusions: Plastic (3926), rubber (4010), or textile conveyor and transmission belts (5910) plastic (3926) or rubber (4016) seals machine parts made entirely of EPDM, NBR, SBR (4016) pipe fittings primarily made of steel (7307) or plastic (3917) simple plastic pipes (3917) or steel pipes (7303-7306), not manufactured as an assembly steel chains (7315) steel bolts, nuts, cotter pins, washers (7318) or plastics (3926) steel (helical) springs (7320) machine interchangeable tools (8207) non-electric hand tools with a steel working part, such as grease guns (chapter 82) metal tubing that is flexible (8307) Flow metres and pressure gauges are examples of measuring instruments that belong in chapter 90. machine parts made of ceramic (6909) brushes as machine components (9603) Other machine parts classification After reviewing the above-mentioned exclusion notes, the question of what else should be considered machine parts or spare parts remains. Note 2 to Section XVI describes them, but in such a convoluted manner that I almost don't understand it. As a result, here it is in layman's terms. Classification under a separate HS heading in chapter 84, 85, or 90: Purchased components from a supplier with "own" functionalities heading 8481 valve If a machine part is mentioned by a heading in chapter 84 or 85, I classify it there rather than in the manufactured machine's (sub)heading (at the 6-digit level). For example, coffee machine valves fall under heading 8481 rather than 8516.90. We recommend going through all of the headings once and marking what is relevant for yourself. If you buy electrical parts or components with "own intelligence" or functionalities from a supplier who specialises in this field, you will typically find them under a specific heading in chapters 84, 85, or 90. Components manufactured according to CAD drawings are classified in the corresponding (sub)heading of machine parts. A CAD drawing example So, what's left? Typically, stamped or injection-moulded parts are purchased from a corresponding supplier based on a CAD drawing. These will only fit into the machine for which they are designed. These components must be assigned to the appropriate "part (sub)headings." For example, an injection-molded housing part of a coffee machine falls under subheading 8516.90, whereas the finished appliance falls under 8516.71. Classification within the relevant material chapter: Stamped and injection moulded general, regular geometrical parts Even if they were manufactured according to drawings, stamped and injection-molded parts with regular shapes such as rectangles, profiles, roundels, and the like are not considered "suitable for use solely or principally with a particular kind of machine." These components are classified in the corresponding material chapter. Plastics (Chapter 39) rubber (chapter 40) steel (Chapter 73) A well-informed layperson should be able to tell without much research whether a machine part is considered suitable for use solely or primarily with a specific type of machine. Which machine technical data are required for proper classification? I still need to determine the remaining local digits of the customs tariff number, i.e. the so-called subheadings, after I found a heading for the machines in chapters 84 and 85. It is important to understand the machine's technical specifications. This may be difficult, especially with supplier machines, if data sheets are missing from the ERP system (I can tell you a thing or two about it). Aside from the machine's functionality, which I need to know for almost every number, the following parameters are required: steam turbines (8406): power in MW internal combustion engines (8407): cylinder capacity in cm3 hydraulic turbines (8410): power in kW turbojet engines (8411): thrust in kN, power in kW electric motors (8501): output in W and kVA electric generating sets (8502): output in kVA electric transformers (8504): power handling capacity in W electric resistors Electric incandescent lamps and discharge lamps, LED lamps (8539): power in W, voltage in V electric cables (8544): voltage in V

More updates from the Offical Journal of the EU, DG TAXUD and DG Trade - essential for any customs and global trade professional. Access all trade Intelligence here: https://www.customsmanager.org/customs-global-trade-blog Content Summary of the UN Guidance on Overcompliance with Unilateral Sanctions Implementation of EU sanctions against Russia: Commission adopts proposal for “maintenance and alignment” package. ADD on imports of aluminium road vehicles from Morocco This Tuesday: 2nd Joint EU-US Stakeholder Outreach on Dual Use Export Controls Commission sets in motion the process for Ukraine to join the Common Transit Use Transit effectively, efficiently & compliantly - Guide Customs Transit: What is NCTS, and how do businesses use it? Benefits of the EU South Korea FTA EU VAT Experts requested Sanctions Summary of the UN Guidance on Overcompliance with Unilateral Sanctions The UN Special Rapporteur has published guidance on the detrimental effects of unilateral over-compliance. We summarise and simplify the report. Read here EU Sanctions against Russia Implementation of EU sanctions against Russia: Commission adopts proposal for “maintenance and alignment” package. Summary: The European Commission has adopted a joint proposal for a new package of measures to maintain and strengthen the effectiveness of the EU's six wide-ranging and unprecedented packages of sanctions against Russia. The package clarifies a number of provisions to strengthen legal certainty for operators and enforcement by the Member States. It will also introduce a new import ban on Russian gold while reinforcing our dual use and advanced technology export controls. Also proposes to extend the current EU sanctions for six months, until the next review at the end of January 2023. More: Sanctions adopted following Russia’s military aggression against Ukraine Q&A ADD ADD on imports of aluminium road vehicles from Morocco Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1221 of 14 July 2022 imposing a provisional anti-dumping duty on imports of certain aluminium road wheels originating in Morocco A provisional anti-dumping duty is imposed on imports of aluminium road wheels of the motor vehicles of headings 8701 to 8705 whether or not with their accessories and whether or not fitted with tyres, currently falling under CN codes ex 8708 70 10 and ex 8708 70 50 (TARIC codes: 8708701015, 8708701050, 8708705015 and 8708705050) and originating in Morocco. The rates of the provisional anti-dumping duty applicable to the net, free-at-Union-frontier price, before duty, of the product described in paragraph 1 and produced is 16,5 % except for one company. Export Controls This Tuesday: 2nd Joint EU-US Stakeholder Outreach on Dual Use Export Controls EU and US organise a new business event. 2nd Joint EU-US Stakeholder Outreach will exhibit TTC WG7 Export Control's progress since October 2021. WG7's focus has shifted because to Russia's invasion of Ukraine. This led to increased export bans and sanctions, which were debated in June. At this event, we'll hear from stakeholders on upcoming projects. Business, academics, and civil society will be able to discuss export control cooperation with EU and US officials. Date: Tuesday, July 19, 2022, from 16:00 to 18:00 (CET) – 10:00 to 12:00 (EST). Venue: Virtual meeting Transit Commission sets in motion the process for Ukraine to join the Common Transit Convention and the Convention on Simplification of formalities in trade in goods On 15 July 2022, the Commission put forward a draft EU proposal for Ukraine to be invited to join the Common Transit Conventions (CTC). Summary: The European Commission has adopted a draft EU proposal for Ukraine to be invited to join the Common Transit Conventions (CTC). The CTC is an international framework for the customs transit of goods that ensures simplified procedures between the EU and partner countries. Once endorsed by the Council, the EU's position will be put forward to the EU-CTC Joint Committees, which can then formally invite Ukraine to join. Use Transit effectively, efficiently & compliantly - Guide Moving goods under Transit to reduce border clearance delays. We explore what traders need to know and consider moving goods successfully under transit. Customs Transit: What is NCTS, and how do businesses use it? If you want to move goods through another country other than your own, use NCTS to ensure you don't pay duty or tax FTA Benefits of the EU South Korea FTA The EU-Republic of Korea Trade Agreement has led to an impressive growth in bilateral trade of more than 50%, reaching over €110 billion. Trade in goods grew by 46% from 2010 to 2020, almost twice as fast as EU trade with countries that do not have a trade agreement with the EU. The EU remains the biggest source of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the Republic of Korea, representing 37% of the country's total FDI stock. The EU and the Republic of Korea reached an agreement in April this year on the extension of the list of geographical indications (GIs) protected by the EU-Republic of Korea Trade Agreement. The agreement had already protected 163 EU GIs and 63 GIs from the republic. This adds 43 new EU products and 41 from the Republic, including Irish Cream and Kalamata olive oil. The EU-Republic of Korea trade agreement has allowed the Republic of Korea and the EU to trade more easily, and Maersk has been supporting that growth with their logistics services. Exports of Mercedes-Benz cars grew from 16,000 in 2010 to over 75,000 cars in 2020, and exports of French wines increased by 26% in volume. The Republic of Korean has ratified three fundamental International Labour Organization Conventions (ILO), amended its legislation and adopted guidelines aiming to bring its trade union legislation in compliance with ILO principles. See more here https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_3261 VAT EU VAT Experts requested On 5 July 2022, a call for applications for members in the VAT Expert group was published. Applications must be sent by 5 August 2022 at the latest. Sources 22/06/2022 15/07/2022 L188 C272 C273 14/07/2022L187 C271 C271A 13/07/2022L186 C269 C270 12/07/2022 L185 C267 C268 11/07/2022L184 C265 C265A C266 + DG trade and DG Taxud If you have any questions about this update, please let us know.

Lesen Sie unsere Ansicht darüber, was der Abgang des Premierministers des Vereinigten Königreichs für den Brexit, das Vereinigte Königreich und die EU bedeutet. Wie verlief der Brexit unter Johnson? Wird das Vereinigte Königreich unter einem anderen Premierminister wieder beitreten? Daniel Boffey vom Guardian berichtete nach dem Rücktritt des britischen Premierministers, dass die meisten Menschen auf der Grundlage einer kürzlich durchgeführten britischen Umfrage glauben, dass der Brexit schlecht gelaufen ist und dass Boris Johnson einem zukünftigen Premierminister eine Menge Herausforderungen hinterlassen hat. In Bezug auf den Brexit hat die Premierministerin Theresa Mays parlamentarische Blockade durchbrochen und einen Handelsvertrag mit der EU geschmiedet. Wie der Guardian berichtete, zeigen jüngste Umfragen jedoch, dass die Unterstützung für den Brexit im Vereinigten Königreich nachgelassen hat. Johnsons Gegner nehaupten, der hinterlasse eher ein Wirrwarr und Sorgen als das „Vertrauen und die Stabilität“, das er vor 18 Monaten versprochen hatte. Hat der Premierminister den Brexit also wirklich erledigt? Was hat er erreicht? Folgendes sehen wir: Der Brexit ist nicht abgeschlossen Dieselbe Umfrage machte deutlich, dass die Briten nicht glauben, dass der Brexit vorbei ist: 1. Das Nordirland-Problem wurde nicht gelöst Johnson merkte schnell, dass das Brexit-Abkommen eine regulatorische Grenze entlang der Irischen See schuf, wie die May Regierung und alle, die das Arrangement verstanden hatten, befürchteten. Dadurch werden nun Importe von Großbritannien nach Nordirland teurer. May hatte Johnsons Vorschlag aus verfassungsrechtlichen Gründen abgelehnt und dem Unterhaus mitgeteilt, dass kein britischer Premierminister vorschlagen könne, das Vereinigte Königreich in vier Nationen aufzuteilen. Die nordirische, DUP unterstützte die Position damals und immer noch und wird ohne Aufweichung des Protokols nicht zulassen, dass Nordirlands Institutionen zur Machtteilung wieder in Gang kommen. 2. Mehr böses Blut mit der EU als je zuvor Wie der Guardian berichtet, sagte Georg Riekeles, diplomatischer Berater des EU-Chefunterhändlers Michel Barnier, Johnson habe die Einzelheiten des Brexit nie verstanden. Dessen Entscheidung, die nordirischen Bestimmungen so kurz nach der Unterzeichnung des Abkommens abzulehnen, erstaunte trozdem selbst die hartgesottensten Beamten in Brüssel: „Er hat den Spielraum eines britischer Premierminister einfach werweitert“, sagte Riekeles. „Zuerst hat er einen internationalen Vertrag ausgehandelt und unterzeichnet. Dann hat er die Zustimmung von britischen Unterhaus erhalten. Gleich danach begann er, seinen eigen Vertrag systematisch zu untergraben. Wenn das Ziel also darin bestand, die stärksten Beziehungen zur EU zu haben und den Brexit angemessen zu Ende zu bringen sowie eine konstruktive Beziehung aufzubauen, in der die Nachbarn zusammenarbeiten, um globale Herausforderungen anzugehen, dann ist das garatiert der Falsche Weg. Die Beziehungen sind hart und das Vereinigte Königreich zahlt mehr als die EU.“ Source 3. Viele Brexit-Vorteile Aber hat der Brexit nicht auch viele Voteile gebracht? Als Gegenleistung für die Unabhängigkeit von EU-Regeln und -Vorschriften sollte doch Großbritannien eine Flut von Handelsabkommen erhalten, die den Zugang zu neuen Märkten ermöglichen würden? Und wie ist es mit der Abschaffung der unschönen EU-Vorschriften, von der die City of London, profitiert? Die Vorteile des Brexits können im offiziellen Regierungspapier: The Benefit of Brexit studiert werden 4. Überhaupt keine Vorteile Andere argumentieren jedoch, dass es seit dem 23. Juni 2016 keine Brexit-Dividende mehr gegeben habe. Dan Hannan, ein konservativer Europaabgeordneter, sagte kürzlich, Großbritannien hätte in der EU bleiben sollen. Nur zwei Beispiele: Beispiel 1: A fishy affair Die britischen Fischergemeinden mit ihren mageren Einkommen unzufrieden und mit strengen Exportbeschränkungen konfrontiert. Die Vereinbarungen führen zu anhaltenden Meinungsverschiedenheiten mit der französischen Regierung in einer Schlüsselphase für die Sicherheitszusammenarbeit zwischen den beiden wichtigsten europäischen Verteidigungsmächten. Benötigen Sie einen Beweis? Sehen Sie sich diese ARTE-Dokumentation an: Beispiel 2: Die wirtschaftliche Verlangsamung und Bürokratie Laut einer Analyse der London School of Economics sind die Wirtschaftsbeziehungen Großbritanniens mit der EU „stark zurückgegangen“, da kleine Unternehmen mit mehr Bürokratie wie Zollanmeldungen, Lizenzen usw. konfrontiert sind. Darüber hinaus erstellt das Office of Budget Responsibility (OBR) des Vereinigten Königreichs seit der Ankündigung des EU-Referendums Analysen und Artikel über die möglichen Auswirkungen des Brexit auf die Wirtschaft und die öffentlichen Finanzen. Sie haben unsere Annahmen, Einschätzungen und Analysen auf dieser Seite zusammengestellt: https://obr.uk/forecasts-in-depth/the-economy-forecast/brexit-analysis/ Das OBR sagte, dass das „Handels- und Kooperationsabkommen“ (TCA) zwischen dem Vereinigten Königreich und der EU die langfristige Produktivität um 4 % im Vergleich zur EU Mitglidschaft verringern würde. Aber meiner Meinung nach sagt nichts mehr über die neue Brexit-Bürokratie aus als ein Blick auf das Border Operating Model des Vereinigten Königreichs. Unternehmen müssen die Schritte im Border Operating Model befolgen, das Informationen über neue Richtlinien und Verfahren zum Management der Grenze bereitzustellt. Es erklärt, wie schwierig es jetzt ist, in das Vereinigte Königreich zu importieren und zu exportieren. Das kommt nicht überraschend. Schliesslich hat die britische Regierung nun vollständige Grenzbeschränkungen für EU-Waren (mit Ausnhme eingoier SPS Güter und Einfuhren aus Irland/Nord-Irland) erlassen hat, die in das Land eingeführt werden. Dies bedeutet für Unternehmen ein erheblicher Mehraufwand, um alle Zollanforderungen zu erfüllen, einschließlich der Abgabe von Erklärungen sowie der Zahlung der Mehrwertsteuer und Verbrauchsteuer. In Bezug auf Tierprodukte (bekannt in GB als ABP, POAO, HRPNAO) müssen Händler darauf vorbereitet sein, eine Voranmeldung über IPAFFS einzureichen. Und vergessen Sie nicht, mit Bezug auf den Ursprug: Zum Zeitpunkt der Ursprungserklärung muss eine Lieferantenerklärung vorliegen. All das war vorher NICHT nötig. Welche Zukunft für den Brexit unter neuer Führung? Rückkehr in die EU hat keine Chance, aber stattdessen gibt es einen Plan, Brexit erfolgreich zu gestalten. Aber nur wenige in Westminster glauben, dass Großbritannien bald wieder der EU beitreten wird. Unter einer konservativen Führung wird sich die schlechte Beziehung zur EU möglicherweise nicht wesentlich verbessern, und das Vereinigte Königreich wird weiter von der EU wegdriften, solange Widerstand und die Skepsis gegenüber der EU weiter wächst. Ich erwarte keinen neuen Ansatz einer konservativen Regierung. Und von der Opposition? Ist da was anderes zu erwarten? Seit Juni 2022 ist klar. Auch unter eine Labour Regiering wird das VK nicht in die EU zurückkehren. Oppositionsführer Keir Starmer stellte letzte Woche klar: „Wir werden weder dem Binnenmarkt noch der Zollunion beitreten". Stattdessen hat Labour jedoch einen Plan, um Brexit erfolgreich abzuschliessen Wie Labour den Brexit erfolgreich beenden will Labour sagt, es will als Priorität das Nordirland-Protokoll richtig umsetzen. Da bedeutet, die meisten Grenzkontrollen von Great Britian nach Nordirland abzuschaffen, so dass Unternehmen, die Waren mit geringem Risiko nach Nordirland bringen keine unnötigen Kontrollen über sich ergehen lasseb müssen. Details sind unklar. Des Weiteren soll ein Veterinärabkommen zwischen Großbritannien und der EU geschlossen werden so dass Fleisch und andere Lebensmittel ohne Kontrollen zwischen der EU und dem VK gehandet werden können. Labour will auch die britische Industrie unterstützen: Dazu gehören die gegenseitige Anerkennung beruflicher Qualifikationen mit der EU, der Schutz der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der britischen Dienstleistungen und die Wiederherstellung des Zugangs zu Fördermitteln und grundlegenden Forschungsprogrammen. Schliesslich soll Sicherheit in Großbritannien wieder Gross geschrieben werden! Die Regierung hat die europäische Sicherheit lange ignoriert. Putins Taten müssten das VK aufwecken: "Wenn einer von uns nicht sicher ist, ist es keiner von uns". Schließlich, wird Labour massiv in Großbritannien investieren: "Das letzte Jahrzehnt hat uns gelehrt, dass wir nicht einfach tatenlos zusehen können, wie sich das Wirtschaftswachstum in unserer Gesellschaft ausbreitet", sagt Labour. Mit diesem 5 Punkte Plan kann, laut Labour, Brexit erfolgreich abgeschlossen werden. Fazit Der Abgang von Boris Johnson als britischer Premierminister stellt den nächsten Premierminister vor eine Reihe von Brexit-Problemen. Alles sah so rosig aus: Als Gegenleistung für die Unabhängigkeit von EU-Gesetzen und -Vorschriften glaubte Großbritannien, dass es durch Zugang zu neuen Märkten und die Abschaffung von EU Vorschriften für die City of London wettbewerbsfähiger werden würde, wie es in der offiziellen Regierungsstudie The Benefits of Brexit heißt. Das steht aber wohl noch aus. Denn die Realität sieht anders aus: Wissenschaftler und das Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) haben jedoch geschätzt, dass der Austritt des Vereinigten Königreichs aus der Europäischen Union die langfristige Produktivität um 4 % verringert hat. Unternehmen, die exportieren und importieren, werden durch Bürokratie behindert. Trotzdem glauben nur wenige in Westminster, dass Großbritannien bald wieder der EU beitreten wird. Auch nach Boris Johnson wird sich die Beziehung des Vereinigten Königreichs zur EU wohl möglicherweise nicht wesentlich verbessern. Wir erwarten nicht, dass die neue britische, konservative Regierung einen neuen Ansatz für den Brexit verfolgt also vorher. Die Opposition, Labour hat wenigestens eine Strategie, um Beziehungen etwas zu normalisieren. Großbritannien würde trotzdem weder dem Binnenmarkt noch der Zollunion beitreten, auch unter Labour. Daher könnten die EU und das Vereinigte Königreich könnten weiter auseinanderdriften, wenn der Widerstand und die Skepsis gegenüber der EU so stark bleiben wie unter Boris Johnson. Daher: Auch nach dem Rücktritt von Boris Johnson als Premierminister des Vereinigten Königreichs ist der Brexit also noch lange nicht abgeschlossen. Die Beziehung des Vereinigten Königreichs zur EU bleibt in Bezug auf Nordirland und andere Probleme brüchig, und diese Spannungen werden unter einer neuen Führung wahrscheinlich nicht gelöst. Holprige Zeiten stehen bevor – auch nach dem Ausscheiden von Herrn Brexit.

According to a company press release, C&A Serbia filed for insolvency after being "the target of organised customs fraud committed by unknown perpetrators." "The perpetrators committed over 300 fraudulent acts in violation of Serbian customs regulations." This decision affects 14 stores and approximately 135 employees in Serbia. "This is a very specific situation that only applies to Serbia," the company stated. "C&A Serbia has been the victim of organised customs fraud committed by one of its business partners and other unknown perpetrators." The alleged perpetrators carried out over 300 fraudulent imports in a systematic manner, taking advantage of the C&A logo, beneficial customs status, and the representation powers of the C&A customs representative in Serbia. "The crime was discovered in October 2021, when the Serbian Customs Authority first informed C&A of these fraudulent imports," the company said. "Following months of investigation and despite evidence supporting the position that C&A Serbia should not bear the consequences of that crime," the company said. "Following a thorough analysis of the situation, C&A Serbia's Management Team has concluded that the risks associated with further contesting the legal position upheld by the Serbian authorities cannot be responsibly borne." Given the financial scope of C&A Serbia's demands, the Management Team was forced to declare insolvency today. "Future proceedings will be handled by an insolvency receiver," C&A Serbia stated. According to the daily Blic, Serbia discovered that this company had been smuggling Chinese goods into the country for nearly seven years, causing a six-million-euro loss to the Serbian budget. Source: https://www.c-and-a.com/uk/en/corporate/company/newsroom/press-releases/2022/ca-serbia-being-the-target-of-organized-customs-fraud/#:~:text=The%20crime%20was%20discovered%20in,by%20the%20Serbian%20Customs%20Authority.&text=position%20that%20C%26A%20Serbia%20is,declared%20within%20the%20fraudulent%20imports. https://rs.n1info.com/english/news/ca-closing-stores-in-serbia-we-are-a-target-of-fraud/

Our view on what the departure of the PM of the UK means to Brexit, the UK, and the EU. How did Brexit go under Johnson? Will the UK rejoin under a different PM? The Guardian's Daniel Boffey reported, after the resignation of the UK Prime Minister that, based on a recent UK survey, most people think Brexit went badly and that Boris Johnson left a host of challenges for a future PM. Brexit wise, the PM did break Theresa May's parliamentary deadlock and forged a trade treaty with the EU. However, as the Guardian has reported, recent polling shows that support for Brexit in the UK has dropped, and Johnson's adversaries may suggest he leaves a tangle of worries rather than the "confidence and stability" he promised 18 months ago. Source Jun 28, 2022 3551 GB adults surveyed So, did the PM really get Brexit done? What did he achieve? Here is what we see: Brexit is not done The same survey made it clear that Britain's do not believe Brexit it's done: 1. The Northern Ireland Problem was not resolved Johnson learned that the Brexit agreement created a regulatory border along the Irish Sea, as the government's impact study and everyone who understood the arrangement feared. This makes Britain-to-Northern Ireland imports more expensive. May had rejected Johnson's suggestion on constitutional grounds, telling the House of Commons that no British prime minister could propose dividing the UK into four nations. The DUP backed the position then and still. So it won't allow Northern Ireland's power-sharing institutions to function. 2. More Bad Blood with the EU than ever before. As the Guardian reports, Georg Riekeles, diplomatic aide to EU chief negotiator Michel Barnier, said Johnson never seemed on top of the specifics, but his decision to repudiate the Northern Ireland provisions so soon after signing the deal astonished even the most hard-nosed officials in Brussels. "He extended what a British prime minister could do," Riekeles said. "He negotiated, signed, and obtained Commons approval for an international contract, then backed out the following day. "If the purpose was to placate a major portion of the Conservative party and tick Brexit boxes, they succeeded," Riekeles said. But not if the objective was to have the strongest relationships with the EU and appropriately finish Brexit - complete Brexit and establish a constructive relationship in which neighbours work together to tackle global challenges. Ties are tough, and the UK pays more than the EU." Source 3. Many Brexit Benefits In exchange for independence from EU rules and regulations, Britain got a spate of trade accords that would provide access to new markets and a bonfire of regulations in the City of London that would make it more competitive. The benefits of Brexit can be studied in the official government paper: The Benefit of Brexit 4. No Benefits At All But others argue that since June 23, 2016, there has been no Brexit dividend, prompting supporters to wonder if the conditions are optimal. Dan Hannan, a conservative MEP, recently said Britain should have stayed in the EU. Just two examples: Example 1: A fishy affair Meanwhile, Britain's fishing communities are unhappy with their meagre incomes and face severe export restrictions. The arrangements cause ongoing disagreement with the French government at a key period for security cooperation between the two main European defence powers. Need proof? Watch this ARTE documentary: Example 2: The economic slowdown and Red Tape According to a London School of Economics analysis, Britain's economic ties with the EU have "sharply declined" as small enterprises face more red tape such as customs declarations, licences and so on. Moreover, since the announcement of the EU referendum the Office of Budget Responsibility (OBR) of the UK has been producing analysis and writing about the potential effects of Brexit on the economy and public finances. They have compiled our assumptions, judgements and analysis on this page: https://obr.uk/forecasts-in-depth/the-economy-forecast/brexit-analysis/ The OBR said that the "Trade and Cooperation Agreement" (TCA) between the UK and EU would diminish long-term productivity by 4% compared to being in the EU. But nothing, to my mind, says Red Tape more than a look at the UK's Border Operating Model. Businesses must follow the steps in the Border Operating Model, which has been updated to reflect the new timeline for the next stage of UK import requirements and to give more information about policies and procedures. It explains how difficult it now is to import and export into the UK with the UK government establishing complete border restrictions on EU goods entering the country. This means meeting full customs requirements including submitting declarations, as well as paying VAT and excise duty where necessary. And if traders are importing Animal Products (ABP & POAO), traders must be prepared to submit pre-notification via IPAFFS. And you must hold a supplier declaration at the time you issue a statement of origin. All of which was NOT necessary before. What future for Brexit under new Leadership? NO to Rejoin, but a plan instead But few in Westminster think the UK is about to rejoin the EU. Under Conservative Leadership, the poor relationship with the EU may not see significant improvements and the UK will drift further away as opposition and scepticism to the EU remains high. I don't expect a new approach. Notably, under Labour, Britain will not go back into the EU. Keir Starmer, leader of the Opposition, made it clear last week: "We will not be joining the single market or the customs union. It would simply be a recipe for more division, it would distract us from taking on the challenges facing people, and it would ensure Britain remained stuck for another decade. What you will get under Labour is a plan". Source Labours' Plan - How to make Brexit work First, resolve the Northern Ireland Protocol. Labour will implement the protocol. Labour would also eliminate most border checks under the Conservative Brexit proposal. With a new UK-EU veterinary agreement for agricultural commodities. They will also work with companies to let low-risk commodities into Northern Ireland without unnecessary checks. Second, eliminate unnecessary obstacles. Labour would expand the new veterinary agreement throughout the whole UK, benefitting exporters. Next, aid the world-class UK industry. This includes reciprocal recognition of professional qualifications, protecting our services' competitiveness, and restoring access to funding and essential research programmes. Fourth, secure Britain! The administration has long ignored European security. Putin's acts must wake us up. If one of us isn't secure, none of us are. Finally, fifth, Labour will invest in the UK. The last decade taught us that we can't simply stand by and let economic growth spread throughout our society. Takeaway Boris Johnson's departure as UK Prime Minister poses a slew of Brexit issues for the next Prime Minister. The Northern Ireland issue has not been addressed, and the United Kingdom may be left with a labyrinth of concerns rather than the trust and stability Johnson promised 18 months ago. In return for independence from EU laws and regulations, Britain believed it would get access to new markets and a bonfire of regulations in the City of London, making it more competitive, as stated in the official government study, The Benefits of Brexit. However, academics and the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) have estimated that the UK's exit from the European Union would reduce long-term productivity by 4%. Businesses that export and import are being hampered by red tape. Nonetheless, few in Westminster believe the UK will soon rejoin the EU. The UK's relationship with the EU may not improve much, and the UK may drift farther apart if resistance and scepticism toward the EU remain strong. So we don't anticipate the UK government to take a fresh approach to Brexit, but what you will get under Labour is a strategy. Britain will neither rejoin the single market or the customs union under Labour. Instead, they claim to be resolving the Northern Ireland Protocol. They will also engage with businesses to reduce red tape and let low-risk goods into Northern Ireland without extra inspections. So, even after Boris Johnson's resignation as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Brexit is far from done. The UK's relationship with the EU remains fragile over Northern Ireland and other issues, and this tension is unlikely to be resolved under new leadership. Bumpy times ahead - even after Mr Brexit has left. Now, leave really means leave.