Global Import Checklist

 🔒Answer 15 critical questions with examples from the EU, UK, and U.S. to import goods smoothly, legally, and cost-effectively worldwide.

Importing goods internationally can be complicated, but answering the right questions ensures smooth, compliant, and cost-effective operations. This guide covers the 15 most critical questions importers must answer, with detailed explanations and examples from the EU, UK, and U.S. systems.

1. Is importing right for you?

Importing requires resources, knowledge, and risk management. Assess whether your business can handle international trade obligations, costs, and compliance requirements. Not all products or business models are suited to importing, especially high-risk goods like chemicals or controlled technologies.

Example:

• EU: Small businesses importing specialty chemicals may need additional permits under REACH regulations.

• UK: Importing food products requires meeting Food Standards Agency (FSA) standards.

• U.S.: Controlled electronics require Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) authorisation.

  
  

2. How shall I get ready to import?

Preparation is key. Map your supply chain, assign responsibilities for customs and documentation, and set up recordkeeping systems. Understand local compliance rules, tax requirements, and potential trade barriers.

Example:

• EU: Register with the national customs authority to use the Import One-Stop Shop (IOSS) for VAT.

• UK: Businesses must be EORI-registered before customs declarations.

• U.S.: Importers need a Customs and Border Protection (CBP) importer number for declarations.

  
  

3. How can I check if the exporter can legally send the goods?

Verify your supplier’s licences, certifications, and export authorisations. Ensure the supplier complies with local export controls and international sanctions.

Example:

• EU: Check that your EU supplier of medical devices holds a CE mark.

• UK: Verify exporters on HMRC’s list of approved export agents.

• U.S.: Confirm suppliers of dual-use goods are compliant with the Export Administration Regulations (EAR).

  
  

4. Who will make customs declarations?

Decide whether your business will submit declarations or use a licensed customs broker. Accuracy is critical—mistakes can result in fines, delays, or seizure of goods.

Example:

• EU: Many businesses use a customs agent to submit Single Administrative Documents (SAD).

• UK: Customs declarations can be made via CHIEF or CDS systems.

• U.S.: CBP requires entry filings; brokers are often used for complex shipments.

  
  

5. Who will transport the goods?

Choose carriers carefully, considering cost, transit time, and customs compliance. Ensure carriers provide necessary documents and can handle inspections.

Example:

• EU: Shipping by road within the EU may require CMR waybills.

• UK: Sea imports need a Bill of Lading and entry summary declaration.

• U.S.: Air shipments require an airway bill; CBP requires an entry manifest for sea cargo.

  
  

6. What are the commodity codes for my goods?

Commodity codes (HS codes) determine duty rates, controls, and statistical reporting. Misclassification can trigger penalties

Example:

• EU: Use the TARIC database to find the correct code.

• UK: Check the UK Global Tariff (UKGT) database.

• U.S.: Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) codes apply; CBP enforces correct classification.

  
  

7. How can I work out the value of my goods?

Customs value usually includes the purchase price, transport, insurance, and any additional costs. Accurate valuation ensures correct duty and tax calculation.

Example:

• EU: CIF (Cost, Insurance, Freight) is used for customs valuation.

• UK: Use the total landed cost, including freight and insurance.

• U.S.: Customs value includes all charges paid for goods delivered to the U.S. border.

  
  

8. How can I reduce or delay customs duty?

Explore preferential trade agreements, duty relief schemes, or postponed VAT accounting. Eligibility criteria must be strictly followed.

Example:

• EU: Apply preferential rates under the EU-South Korea FTA.

• UK: Use Postponed VAT Accounting to defer import VAT payment.

• U.S.: Certain goods qualify for duty-free entry under the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA).

  
  

9. How can I check if I need a licence or certificate?

Some goods—like chemicals, food, medical devices, or military items—require import licences or certificates.

Example:

• EU: REACH registration for chemicals, health certificates for animal products.

• UK: FSA import licences for food, DEFRA permits for plant products.

• U.S.: FDA clearance for medical devices, USDA permits for agricultural imports.

  
  

10. Have I checked labelling, marking, and marketing rules?

Products must meet local labelling, safety, and marketing regulations. Non-compliance can block shipments or lead to fines.

Example:

• EU: CE marking and language requirements for consumer products.

• UK: UKCA marking replaces CE post-Brexit.

• U.S.: FDA and FTC labelling rules apply for consumer goods and food.

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11. How do I get your goods through customs?

Ensure all documentation is accurate and complete. Work closely with brokers or in-house customs staff. Be ready to respond to queries or inspections.

Example:

• EU: Submit SAD and supporting certificates electronically via national customs portals.

• UK: Use the Customs Declaration Service (CDS).

• U.S.: Submit CBP Form 7501 for formal entries.

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12. Can I claim a VAT or tax refund?

Some jurisdictions allow import VAT or duties to be reclaimed. Procedures differ. Keep invoices and proof of payment.

Example:

• EU: Non-EU businesses can claim VAT refunds via the EU VAT refund system.

• UK: VAT can be reclaimed if registered for UK VAT.

• U.S.: Certain excise taxes may be refundable under specific conditions.

  
  

13. What if I paid the wrong duty or goods are rejected?

Errors can be corrected through customs procedures. Document everything and act promptly.

Example:

• EU: Submit a correction request to national customs authorities.

• UK: Use CDS correction functionality.

• U.S.: File an entry correction or request a duty drawback with CBP.

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14. How long do I need to keep invoices and records?

Retention requirements vary, typically 5–10 years. Keep complete records to support audits, declarations, and claims.

Example:

• EU: Minimum 3–10 years depending on Member State.

• UK: Generally 6 years for VAT purposes.

• U.S.: CBP requires records for at least 5 years.

  
  

15. Who do I contact if things go wrong or I have further questions?

Identify your contacts: customs authorities, trade associations, licensed brokers, or legal advisors. Having support prevents small issues from becoming costly delays.

Example:

• EU: National customs helpdesks or trade associations.

• UK: HMRC Customs & International Trade helpline.

• U.S.: CBP Info Center or licensed customs brokers.

Conclusion

Answering these 15 questions gives importers control over their operations. From preparation and compliance to duties, documentation, and dispute resolution, this framework ensures goods move efficiently, legally, and cost-effectively.

With these steps, you can confidently navigate international imports—whether in the EU, UK, U.S., or beyond.